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/* Shared vertical rhythm across the home page and all content pages. */
:root{--section-gap:56px;--heading-gap:24px;--entry-gap:30px}
.intro{margin-top:40px;line-height:1.95;text-align:justify;text-align-last:start;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:normal}
.intro:lang(en){hyphens:auto;-webkit-hyphens:auto;hyphenate-limit-chars:7 3 3;line-height:1.85}
.intro:lang(zh-CN){text-justify:inter-character}
.intro p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.section,.home-interests,.home-experience,.text-page .section,.work-content>section{margin-top:var(--section-gap)}
.work-content>section:first-child{margin-top:0}
.section-head{margin-bottom:var(--heading-gap)}
.home-experience h2{margin-bottom:var(--heading-gap)}
.home-experience ul{margin:0;padding-left:23px}
.home-experience li{margin:0 0 10px;line-height:1.85}
.home-experience li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.interests{row-gap:24px}
.updates li{margin:0 0 14px;line-height:1.9}
.updates li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.research-row{padding:var(--entry-gap) 0}
.research-row:first-child{padding-top:0}
.research-row:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
.resource-grid>.resource-illustrated:first-child,.qunachong-project{padding-top:0}
.resource-grid>.resource-illustrated:last-child,.qunachong-project{padding-bottom:0}
.resource-grid>.resource+.resource{margin-top:var(--entry-gap);padding-top:var(--entry-gap)}
.contact-strip{margin-top:var(--section-gap);padding-top:30px}
.work-content .pub-section-title{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--heading-gap)}
.work-content .pub-section-title + .publication-list{margin-top:0!important}
.project-item{padding:var(--entry-gap) 0}
@media(max-width:760px){:root{--section-gap:44px;--heading-gap:20px;--entry-gap:26px}.intro{margin-top:32px}.interests{row-gap:20px}}
@media print{:root{--section-gap:24px;--heading-gap:14px;--entry-gap:16px}}

.book-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px 24px}.book-links a{white-space:nowrap}

/* About and funding: compact academic sections. */
.about-content{padding-top:48px}.about-content>.section:first-child{margin-top:0}
.lab-profile{display:grid;grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;align-items:start}
.lab-profile img{width:160px;height:auto}.lab-profile p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}
.section>.minor-note+h3{margin-top:28px}
@media(max-width:600px){.about-content{padding-top:32px}.lab-profile{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.lab-profile img{width:140px}}

html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
.page-title h1 small{font-size:16px;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted);margin-left:14px;letter-spacing:.03em}
.honors-list{list-style:none;padding:0}.honors-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px}.honors-list time{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
@media(max-width:500px){.honors-list li{grid-template-columns:64px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}}

.conference-activities{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.conference-activities li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px;margin-bottom:28px}.conference-activities time{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.conference-activities .minor-note{margin:6px 0}.conference-talk{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:6px 0;color:var(--muted)}
@media(max-width:500px){.conference-activities li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:6px}}

/* Research navigation centered in its own desktop column. */
.work-layout{padding-top:48px}
@media screen and (min-width:501px){
.work-content{grid-column:2}
.work-sidebar{position:fixed;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);left:max(24px,calc((100vw - 1120px)/2 + 24px));width:180px;padding:18px 14px 18px 0;border-right:1px solid var(--line);max-height:calc(100dvh - 180px);overflow-y:auto}
.work-sidebar nav{gap:8px}.work-sidebar a{padding:12px 14px;border-radius:7px;transition:background-color .18s,color .18s}
.work-sidebar a[aria-current=location]{background:#edf3f8;border-left-color:var(--blue);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #315f8a08}
.sidebar-label{margin:0 14px 19px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em}
}
@media screen and (min-width:501px) and (max-width:760px){.work-sidebar{width:128px;padding-right:10px}.work-sidebar a{padding:10px 8px;font-size:12px}}
@media(max-width:500px){.work-layout{padding-top:20px}.work-sidebar a{border-radius:6px;transition:background-color .18s,color .18s}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.work-sidebar a{transition:none}}

.work-content .about-content{padding-top:0}.work-content>.section:first-child{margin-top:0}
.work-sidebar a{line-height:1.6}.corresponding{font-size:.8em;color:var(--blue);margin-left:1px}
.numbered-publications{list-style:none;counter-reset:papers;padding-left:34px}
.numbered-publications>.publication{display:block;position:relative;counter-increment:papers}
.numbered-publications>.publication::before{content:counter(papers) ".";position:absolute;top:0;right:calc(100% + 12px);font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.numbered-publications>.publication:first-child::before{top:0}
.numbered-publications>.publication::before{width:30px;white-space:nowrap;overflow-wrap:normal;text-align:right}

/* Publication lists share numbering, baseline, spacing and link layout. */
.pub-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 18px}
.publication .pub-links a{margin-right:0}
.numbered-publications>.publication::before{line-height:1.8}
.work-sidebar a:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px}

.contact-page{padding-top:52px;min-height:calc(100dvh - var(--header-height) - 180px)}
.contact-page .contact-strip{display:block;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;max-width:760px}
.contact-page h1{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:26px}.contact-page .contact-strip p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.95}
.contact-page .contact-email{display:inline-block;margin-top:20px;font-size:22px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
@media(max-width:500px){.contact-page{padding-top:32px}.contact-page h1{font-size:23px}.contact-page .contact-strip p{font-size:15px}.contact-page .contact-email{font-size:20px}}

/* Minimal section progress rail shared by Research, Projects and About. */
.work-sidebar{border:0;padding:0;overflow:visible}
.work-sidebar nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:0}
.work-sidebar a{position:relative;display:block;flex:0 0 52px;width:44px;height:52px;min-height:44px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;color:var(--blue);box-shadow:none}
.work-sidebar a::before{content:"";position:absolute;z-index:2;left:50%;top:50%;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#b8c4d0;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transition:transform .25s ease,background-color .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease}
.work-sidebar a:not(:last-child)::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:calc(50% - .5px);top:50%;width:1px;height:100%;background:#dce3e9}
.work-sidebar a:hover,.work-sidebar a[aria-current=location]{background:none;border:0;box-shadow:none}
.work-sidebar a:hover::before{background:#7893ab;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.3)}
.work-sidebar a[aria-current=location]::before{background:var(--blue);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.9);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #315f8a10}
.work-sidebar a:focus-visible{outline:1px solid #7893ab;outline-offset:-5px;border-radius:8px}
@media(max-width:500px){
.work-sidebar{padding:4px 0;background:#fffffff5;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.work-sidebar nav{flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:nowrap}
.work-sidebar a{flex:0 0 52px;width:52px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0}
.work-sidebar a:not(:last-child)::after{left:50%;top:calc(50% - .5px);width:100%;height:1px}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.work-sidebar a::before{transition:none}}

.publication-heading{line-height:1.65}
.publication-heading .pub-title{display:inline}
.inline-paper-links{display:inline-flex;gap:12px;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:baseline;margin-left:10px;font-size:13px;font-weight:400}
.inline-paper-links a{color:var(--blue)}

#papers .publication{padding-bottom:14px;margin-bottom:14px}
#papers .publication:last-child{margin-bottom:0}

/* Slim university-inspired masthead; shared by every route. */
:root{--header-height:60px;--pku-red:#8c1d25}
.site-header{background:#f6f3f1;border-bottom:1px solid #e5dedb;box-shadow:0 2px 9px #442b2504}
.nav-shell{min-height:60px;gap:28px}
.wordmark{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:19px;line-height:1.4}
.pku-emblem{width:34px;height:34px;object-fit:contain;flex-shrink:0}
.wordmark-text{display:inline-block}.wordmark small{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.09em;color:#827773;margin-left:12px}
.nav-links{gap:26px}.nav-links a{display:flex;align-items:center;height:60px;padding:0;font-size:13px;color:#746a67}
.nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a[aria-current=page],.nav-links .language{color:var(--pku-red)}
.nav-links a[aria-current=page]:after{bottom:11px;background:var(--pku-red);height:2px}
@media(max-width:760px){
:root{--header-height:86px}
.nav-shell{min-height:0;padding:8px 22px 0;gap:0}
.wordmark{font-size:18px;gap:9px;min-height:34px;line-height:1.4}
.pku-emblem{width:28px;height:28px}.wordmark small{font-size:10px;margin-left:9px}
.nav-links{padding:0;gap:0}.nav-links a{height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0 4px;font-size:12px}
.nav-links a[aria-current=page]:after{bottom:6px;left:4px;right:4px}
}

.email-copy{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;position:relative;max-width:100%;vertical-align:baseline}
.email-address{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.copy-email{border:0;padding:5px 0;background:none;color:var(--blue);font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap}
.copy-email:hover{text-decoration:underline}.copy-status{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}
.social-links{flex-wrap:wrap}.social-links .email-copy{font-size:13px}.contact-strip>.email-copy{flex-shrink:0}
.contact-page .contact-strip>.email-copy{margin-top:20px;font-size:22px}
@media(max-width:500px){.contact-strip>.email-copy{margin-top:12px}.contact-page .contact-strip>.email-copy{font-size:20px}.social-links .email-copy{font-size:12px;gap:7px}}

/* Quiet email copy control with a separate mail action. */
.email-copy{gap:0}.email-address{border:0;background:none;padding:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;text-align:left}
.email-address:hover{color:var(--blue)}
.email-copy .copy-status{clip-path:none;width:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;font-size:11px;white-space:nowrap;color:var(--muted)}
.contact-strip{display:block}.contact-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 28px;margin-top:22px}
.contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:18px}.send-email{display:inline-block;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap}
.contact-page .contact-actions{margin-top:26px}.contact-page .contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:22px}
@media(max-width:500px){.contact-actions{gap:12px 22px}.contact-actions .email-copy,.contact-page .contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:18px}}


/* Restrained contact typography and icon-only mail action. */
.contact-actions{gap:10px}
.send-email{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:36px;height:36px;font-size:20px;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;border-radius:50%;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease}
.send-email:hover{background:#f0f3f6;text-decoration:none}
.send-email:focus-visible,.email-address:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:4px}
.contact-page{padding-top:72px}
.contact-page .contact-strip{max-width:600px}
.contact-page h1{font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.02em;margin:0 0 26px}
.contact-page .contact-strip p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;margin:0 0 12px}
.contact-page .contact-actions{border-top:1px solid var(--line,#e5e9ed);padding-top:20px;margin-top:30px}
.contact-page .contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:17px}
@media(max-width:500px){.contact-page{padding-top:38px}.contact-page h1{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:22px}.contact-page .contact-strip p{font-size:14px}.contact-page .contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:16px}}

/* Homepage contact: copy at left, email aligned at right. */
.container > .contact-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:center;column-gap:48px}
.container > .contact-strip .contact-actions{margin-top:0;flex-wrap:nowrap;white-space:nowrap}
.container > .contact-strip .email-copy{font-size:17px}
@media(max-width:700px){.container > .contact-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.container > .contact-strip .contact-actions{justify-self:start}}

/* Keep contact details visually quiet. */
.site-footer .email-copy{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}
.container > .contact-strip .email-copy{font-size:14px}
.contact-page .contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:15px}
@media(max-width:500px){.container > .contact-strip .email-copy,.contact-page .contact-actions .email-copy{font-size:14px}}